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📜 Tu BeAv – A Complete Study

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By Rabbi Asher Cohen

“Reading/Study” layout – optimized for long texts and mobile reading

1. Introduction

This page turns an oral teaching on Tu BeAv into clear English for a broad audience. The thread is simple: seemingly separate moments (walls, Temple wood, Benjamin, Yom Kippur, Netilat Yadayim) converge into one idea — never despair of mercy.
וַיִּבְכּוּ הָעָם בַּלַּיְלָה הַהוּא

“The people wept that night.” (Midrash: “You cried for nothing; I will decree tears for generations.”)

Our Sages link Tu BeAv to the final date for bringing wood to the altar and to a rebirth after tears. The study that follows traces that passage from lament to hope: how concrete actions (tearing down a wall, bringing wood, rebuilding a tribe, reading the forbidden relations on Yom Kippur, washing one’s hands in mourning times) compose a pedagogy of consolation.

2. Hoshea ben Elah & the tearing down of walls

Historical frame

After the split in the days of Rechav’am, Judah and Israel lived apart, with Yarov’am ben Nevat’s policy keeping people away from Jerusalem. In the period of Hoshea ben Elah (last king of Israel), barriers that blocked ascent to Jerusalem were removed — a positive act to restore contact with the Temple.

Key point: a king’s good deed can coexist with a collective sin. The people’s long attachment to idolatry still hung over the generation — hence the exile of the ten tribes in his time.

Torah and history are not at odds: leadership and people bear intertwined responsibility. Knocking down a physical wall is not enough if the inner walls remain.

3. Temple wood – Ezra & Nehemiah

A land to rebuild

In the days of Ezra and Nehemiah, the land — especially Samaria — lay in ruins. No wood means no offerings; no offerings means a stalled Avodah. The solution? Mobilize families on designated festive days to bring wood. Those dates were felt as genuine holy celebrations.

Why Tu BeAv?

Tu BeAv marks the last suitable date to cut and bring dry, sound wood. Later in the season wood may be damp or worm-eaten, unfit for the altar. From then on, kohanim and families are freed from the task and gain time for study.

Behind the logistics of logs lies a nation putting Avodah — and thus life — back at the center.

4. Ingenuity under Rome

Under Roman rule, bringing wood to the Temple was forbidden. Devout families used ingenuity: they built ladders out of wood, carried them openly, and dismantled them in Jerusalem to feed the altar fire. The Talmud preserves two stories of such quiet, courageous devotion.

Lesson: when access to the sacred is blocked, Israel answers with intelligence, patience, and courage. Tu BeAv also honors this creative resilience.

5. The Tribe of Benjamin & the dances of Tu BeAv

After the near-erasure of Shevet Binyamin, only 600 men remained. To rebuild the tribe, the Sages instituted two days when the daughters of Israel danced in the vineyards: Tu BeAv and the eve of Yom Kippur. The aim was to enable marriages and save a tribe from disappearance.

ראו את הלבנה במלואה בט״ו

“They saw the full moon on the 15th.” — a sign of wholeness, rendezvous, repair.

6. Yom Kippur & “the Satan”

A classic teaching says the “Satan” has sway 364 days a year; on one dayYom Kippur — he does not accuse. Reading arayot (forbidden relations) that day works as a warning and as a pedagogy of purity just when accusation falls silent.

A day without accusation is not a day of indifference. It is a space for unmasked truth — a face-to-face with God.

7. Netilat Yadayim – the thread of reasons

Why wash the hands?

  • Ruch ra’ah: to dispel the spirit of impurity upon waking.
  • Prayer readiness: cleanliness and respect when invoking the Name.
  • Covered areas: standards of purity/presentation.
  • Doubt (safek): when reasons are debated, we follow conduct that covers them without multiplying blessings in vain.
Tisha BeAv morning: a limited washing (up to the joints), a sign of mourning. After the fast: we return to full washing — back to service, life, and light.

8. Lesson & Conclusion – Never Despair

The quiet thread through these episodes (a wall removed, logs offered, a tribe restored, accusation silenced, hands washed) draws one pedagogy: transformation. Turning obstacle into passage, shame into dignity, night into dawn. Tu BeAv is not a romantic interlude; it is the joy of repair.

Core message: even when a decree seems mathematical, Israel chooses teshuva and bitachon (trust). This is Tu BeAv’s DNA: turning “tears for nothing” into “light with meaning.”

לֹא יִתְיַאֵשׁ אָדָם מִן הָרַחֲמִים

— Ready for gueoula.fr. Hebrew citations are RTL; sticky TOC and smooth scrolling included.