The Tzadik and the Raven
Parashat Noach · The Tzadik and the Raven · Sefer Bereshit · 5786
The man of "nothing" who saved the whole world
The Tzadik and the Raven
A shiur by M. Yéhouda Himi
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The man of "nothing" who saved the whole world
A shiur by M. Yéhouda Himi · The Tzadik and the Raven · Sefer Bereshit · 5785

The true "generations" (תולדות) of a righteous person are their good deeds, not only their children.

The verse "righteous in his generations" can be read both to Noah's praise and to his blame.

Noah looks like a "nothing" (כלום): a farmer, then a drunken man — yet this "nothing" saved all humanity.

The raven, judged useless, held a divine role: to feed Elijah the prophet centuries later.

No creature is superfluous; all the more so, each of us has an irreplaceable mission.

📖 Full Text
1 Introduction: "These are the Generations of Noah"
אֵלֶּה תּוֹלְדֹת נֹחַ נֹחַ אִישׁ צַדִּיק תָּמִים הָיָה בְּדֹרֹתָיו אֶת הָאֱלֹהִים הִתְהַלֶּךְ נֹחַGenesis 6:9

"These are the generations of Noah — Noah was a righteous man (צדיק), perfect (תמים) in his generations; Noah walked with God."

Rashi asks a brilliant question. When the Torah says "These are the generations of Noah," we expect it to name his children — Shem, Ham, and Japheth. Another verse does exactly that. So why here, instead of naming the children, does the Torah say: "Noah was a righteous and perfect man"? Where are the "generations"?

Rashi answers: ללמדך שעיקר תולדותיהם של צדיקים מעשים טובים — "to teach you that the essence of the generations of the righteous are their good deeds."
The revolutionary message When you meet a person, the real question is not "did you have children?" but "what good deeds did you bring into the world?" A person's true תולדות — their lasting legacy — are their good actions, not merely their biological descendants.
2 Praise or Blame? The "Sting" in the Verse

The verse specifies: righteous and perfect IN HIS GENERATIONS (בדורותיו). Rashi notes: יש כאן עקיצה — "there is a sting here." This seemingly complimentary phrase is read by our Sages in two opposite ways.

To his praise (לשבח) If he was righteous even in a corrupt generation, how much more so (כל שכן) would he have been righteous in a generation of the righteous. It is a compliment: despite a terrible environment, he stayed upright.
To his blame (לגנאי) He was righteous only by comparison to his generation. Had he lived in Abraham's day, he "would not have been considered anything" (לא היה נחשב לכלום).
The troubling question How can Sages read this verse to his blame, when the Torah, in its plain sense, explicitly praises him as "a RIGHTEOUS and PERFECT man"?
3 The "Nothing" That Saved Everything

The Darchan offers a bold answer: the phrase "he would have been nothing in Abraham's day" is not blame at all — it is praise, and immense praise.

Who was Noah? At first, a simple farmer, a "man of the earth" (איש האדמה), announcing that the land could now be worked more easily. At the end, after the Flood, his first act disappoints:

וַיָּחֶל נֹחַ אִישׁ הָאֲדָמָה וַיִּטַּע כָּרֶםGenesis 9:20

"And Noah, a man of the earth, began and planted a vineyard." The Sages read וַיָּחֶל together with חולין, the profane: his first act out of the Ark is an ordinary one. He plants, makes wine, gets drunk. We might have expected him to open a house of study (בית מדרש) and launch a spiritual revolution like Abraham. So he seems to be "nothing" (כלום).

But look what that "nothing" achieved He answered Hashem's call against his entire generation; he built the Ark for 120 years despite the mockery; he fed and managed the animals for a full year in a sealed Ark. The "nothing" saved the world.
Without Noah and his three sons: no Shem, no Ham, no Japheth — no humanity. All of humankind exists thanks to this "nothing." To say "he would have been nothing in Abraham's day" is to say: look what a "nothing" accomplished — imagine him with Abraham's tools!
4 The Raven: Another "Nothing"

The theme of "nothing" continues with a creature thought to be useless: the raven (העורב).

וַיְהִי מִקֵּץ אַרְבָּעִים יוֹם וַיִּפְתַּח נֹחַ אֶת חַלּוֹן הַתֵּבָה... וַיְשַׁלַּח אֶת הָעֹרֵבGenesis 8:6-7

Noah sends the raven, but it does not fulfill its mission: it circles the Ark and returns. Noah then sends the dove. Why choose the raven first, then switch birds? The Midrash reveals a tense dialogue between the raven and Noah.

The raven protests "Of all the animals in the Ark, you send only me? You have seven of every pure bird — send the dove! If you send me and harm befalls me, the raven species will vanish from the world." Noah replies: "Nothing will come of you anyway — you serve neither for food nor for sacrifice."
5 Divine Intervention: Elijah and the Ravens
In the middle of the dispute, Hashem intervenes and tells Noah: "Listen to him, accept his argument. The world will need him in the future."

The hint is hidden in the verse: עד יבשת המים — "until the waters dried up." Rearranging the letters of יבשת gives תשבי: Elijah the Tishbite (אליהו התשבי).

וְהָעֹרְבִים מְבִיאִים לוֹ לֶחֶם וּבָשָׂר בַּבֹּקֶר וְלֶחֶם וּבָשָׂר בָּעָרֶבI Kings 17:6

When Elijah, in conflict with King Ahab, had to hide, it was the ravens who brought him bread and meat, morning and evening. That is the raven's role. Noah was wrong to risk its extinction: one day a righteous man would need it.

The universal lesson There is no creature the world does not need. If every creature has a purpose, how much more so (כל שכן) each of us. Despise no one, and do not despise yourself. After the Flood, Noah and his sons were 100% of the world — each one 25%. Today we reap the fruit of their labor.

🎯 Test yourself

Five questions. Click an answer.

1
According to Rashi, what are the true "generations" (תולדות) of a righteous person?
ללמדך שעיקר תולדותיהם של צדיקים מעשים טובים: the essence of the righteous' generations are their good deeds.
2
What is the "sting" (עקיצה) Rashi finds in "righteous in his generations"?
The phrase בדורותיו is ambiguous: some Sages read it to Noah's praise, others to his blame.
3
How does the Darchan understand the idea that Noah "would have been nothing in Abraham's time"?
The "nothing" (כלום) is in fact immense praise: this very "nothing" saved the entire world.
4
Why does Hashem ask Noah to spare the raven?
Ravens would later feed the hidden prophet Elijah; every creature has a role.
5
Which word in the verse, when rearranged, points to Elijah the Tishbite?
The letters of יבשת form תשבי — Elijah the Tishbite (אליהו התשבי).

Result

📅 A Seven-Day Programme — Parashat Noah
Sunday
Sunday: Read the opening verse of the Parashah and Rashi's question — why does the Torah call Noah's good deeds his true "generations"?
Monday
Monday: Study the two readings of בדורותיו — to his praise and to his blame. Ask why the Torah deliberately leaves the ambiguity.
Tuesday
Tuesday: Reflect on Noah's "כלום" (nothing): the early farmer, then the vineyard and drunkenness at the end.
Wednesday
Wednesday: Contemplate what that "nothing" achieved — 120 years of building, a full year feeding the animals, all of humanity saved.
Thursday
Thursday: Study the dialogue of the raven and Noah, then Hashem's intervention: "the world will need him."
Friday
Friday: Connect יבשת to תשבי, to Elijah the Tishbite fed by the ravens; recall that every creature has a role.
Shabbat
Shabbat: Apply the lesson — despise no one, and do not despise yourself; be righteous "in your generations," right where you are.
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