Parashat Vayera — The Name Adonai
Parashat Vayera — The Name Adonai · Sefer Bereshit · 5786
The secret of the nikud: when does 'Adonai' refer to HaShem, and when to the angels?
Parashat Vayera — The Name Adonai
Teaching of Monsieur Yehuda Himi
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The secret of the nikud: when does 'Adonai' refer to HaShem, and when to the angels?
Teaching of Monsieur Yehuda Himi · Parashat Vayera — The Name Adonai · Sefer Bereshit · 5785

Parashat Vayera can only be understood in connection with the end of Lech Lecha: it opens three days after 99-year-old Abraham's brit milah.

HaShem comes to visit the ailing Abraham, teaching us the mitzvah of bikur cholim (visiting the sick).

The word אֲדֹנָי raises a question: is it a sacred Name, or a profane word addressed to the angels? Rashi offers two readings.

The nikud decides: the ten vowels correspond to the ten Sefirot. The Kamatz points to Keter (the highest); the Patach to Chochmah (lower).

By Abraham, the nun of Adonai bears a Kamatz (sacred Name, he speaks to HaShem); by Lot, a Patach (profane speech, he speaks to angels).

In the Torah nothing is trivial: every letter, crown, vowel, and cantillation holds a profound secret.

📖 Full Text
1 Introduction: The Continuity with Lech Lecha
Erev tov! Shavua tov! With the help of HaShem, we will read Parashat Vayera in its entirety. But you must know that it is impossible to read Parashat Vayera without connecting intimately to the end of the previous parasha, Lech Lecha.

Why is this continuity so important? Because Parashat Vayera opens with an extraordinary event that flows directly from the end of Lech Lecha: the brit milah of Abraham Avinu. Without this link, the opening of our parasha remains incomprehensible.

2 The Context: The Divine Visit

At the end of the previous parasha, Abraham Avinu is 99 years old. HaShem commands him to perform the brit milah, and Abraham obeys immediately, despite his advanced age.

Divine Timing Parashat Vayera begins exactly three days after Abraham's brit milah. The third day is the most painful day after a circumcision — and it is precisely then that HaShem comes.
וַיֵּרָא אֵלָיו ה׳ בְּאֵלֹנֵי מַמְרֵאBereshit 18:1

"And HaShem appeared to him in the plains of Mamre." Rashi explains:

יוֹם שְׁלִישִׁי לְמִילָתוֹ הָיָה וּבָא הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא וְשָׁאַל בִּשְׁלוֹמוֹ — "It was the third day of his circumcision, and the Holy One, blessed be He, came to inquire about his welfare."

Monsieur Himi emphasizes: HaShem Himself comes to visit the sick. This is where we learn the mitzvah of bikur cholim, visiting the sick.

3 The Problem: Vayomer Adonai
וַיֹּאמֶר אֲדֹנָי אִם־נָא מָצָאתִי חֵן בְּעֵינֶיךָBereshit 18:3
The Question The text says "Vayomer Adonai." But to whom is Abraham speaking? Should I pronounce this word as a holy Name, or not?

When I read the word אֲדֹנָי, I must know whether it is a sacred Name — pronounced A-do-nai with reverence — or a profane word simply meaning "my master." Rashi offers two explanations.

First explanation: לַגָּדוֹל שֶׁבָּהֶם אָמַר — Abraham addresses "the greatest among them," the chief angel. This is then lashon chol, profane language.

Second explanation (davar acher): Abraham is not speaking to the angels — he is speaking to HaKadosh Baruch Hu Himself! He says to Him: "Wait a moment, I must first welcome these guests."

גְּדוֹלָה הַכְנָסַת אוֹרְחִים מֵהַקְבָּלַת פְּנֵי הַשְּׁכִינָה — "Hospitality is greater than receiving the Divine Presence."
4 The Secret of the Nikud

How do we decide between these two readings? Monsieur Himi reveals that the nikud is never trivial: each point carries a profound meaning.

The TA'NTA System (טַעַנְתָּא) Each letter of the Torah has four components: Otiot (the letters), Tagin (the crowns), Nikud (the vowels), and Te'amim (the cantillations).

There are ten types of nikud corresponding to the ten Sefirot. The highest Sefirah is Keter (the Crown), and its nikud is the Kamatz (קָ). Then come the Patach for Chochmah, the Tzerei for Binah, the Segol for Chesed, the Shva for Gevurah, the Cholam for Tiferet, the Chirik for Netzach, the Kibbutz for Hod, the Shuruk for Yesod, and Malchut remains without a vowel, corresponding to this world.

Crucial Point The Kamatz corresponds to Keter, the highest level. Wherever the nun of Adonai bears a kamatz, the word points to the summit of the worlds — to the Holy One, blessed be He.
5 Practical Application: Abraham, Lot, and Our Prayer
וַיֹּאמֶר אֲדֹנָיWith Abraham — Bereshit 18:3

The nun bears a Kamatz (קָ)! This refers to Sefirat Keter: it is therefore a sacred Name. Abraham is indeed speaking to HaKadosh Baruch Hu.

וַיֹּאמֶר הִנֵּה נָּא אֲדֹנַיWith Lot — Bereshit 19:2

Here, the nun bears a Patach (פַּ)! The Patach corresponds to Chochmah, a level lower than Keter. This is lashon chol: Lot is speaking to the angels.

אֲדֹנָי שְׂפָתַי תִּפְתָּחIn our prayer — Tehillim 51:17

"O HaShem, open my lips." Here again, a Kamatz beneath the nun, thus Sefirat Keter: as we begin the Amidah, we speak directly to the Kadosh Baruch Hu, at the highest level.

6 Conclusion
In the Torah, nothing is trivial. Every letter, every crown, every vowel, every cantillation carries meaning and profound secrets. Live the values of Abraham Avinu!
בָּרוּךְ ה׳ לְעוֹלָם אָמֵן וְאָמֵן
Transcription of an Oral Lesson Teaching of Monsieur Yehuda Himi. May his teaching continue to enlighten our souls.

🎯 Test yourself

Five questions. Click an answer.

1
Why can Parashat Vayera not be understood without the end of Lech Lecha?
Vayera begins exactly three days after the brit milah Abraham performed at 99, at the end of Lech Lecha — hence the necessary link.
2
What mitzvah do we learn from HaShem appearing to Abraham on the third day?
HaShem comes to inquire about Abraham's welfare after his circumcision; from this we learn the mitzvah of visiting the sick.
3
Which nikud corresponds to the Sefirah of Keter, the highest?
In the teaching, the ten nikudot correspond to the ten Sefirot; the Kamatz is associated with Keter, the highest level.
4
By Abraham, the nun of the word Adonai bears a Kamatz. What does this indicate?
The Kamatz points to Keter: it is a sacred Name. Abraham therefore speaks directly to HaKadosh Baruch Hu, not to the angels.
5
According to Rashi's second explanation, what does 'Vayomer Adonai' reveal by Abraham?
Abraham asks HaShem to wait so he may welcome his guests; hence: 'Greater is hospitality than receiving the Shechinah.'

Result

📅 Weekly Program: Living the Values of Abraham
Sunday
Day 1: Read a passage of Torah, treating each nikud as a window into a spiritual world; when you meet a kamatz, raise your thought to the level of Keter.
Monday
Day 2: Recite 'Adonai sefatai tiftach' at the start of the Amidah, focusing on the kamatz beneath the nun, aware that you speak directly to the Kadosh Baruch Hu.
Tuesday
Day 3: Practice hachnasat orchim: invite or welcome someone into your home with the warmth of Abraham Avinu.
Wednesday
Day 4: Fulfill bikur cholim: visit or call someone sick or alone, as HaShem came to visit Abraham.
Thursday
Day 5: Study one verse in depth with Rashi, seeking the hidden meaning behind a seemingly trivial detail.
Friday
Day 6: Exercise spiritual discernment: identify which mitzvah is most urgent in your day and give it priority, as Abraham chose guests over the Shechinah.
Shabbat
Day 7: Review the week and give thanks: 'Baruch HaShem le'olam amen ve'amen', recognizing that nothing in the Torah or in life is mere chance.
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